Ataxia

Ataxia is often a result of an underlying disorder that causes cerebellar or spinocerebellar degeneration. The term “ataxia” refers to a set of symptoms or a family of movement disorders rather than a specific diagnosis. 

Ataxia symptoms, age of onset, and rate of progression will vary by person and cause. Early signs of ataxia often include impaired coordination and balance. The loss of muscle control can lead to slurred speech, an abnormal way of walking, posture abnormalities, issues with fine motor skills, tremors, and difficulty with walking, speaking, and eating. People with ataxia have problems moving their fingers, hands, arms, legs, and eyes.

A neurologist can provide a diagnosis and determine the type of ataxia. Hereditary ataxia can be diagnosed with genetic blood tests. Other conditions that cause ataxia are typically diagnosed based on medical history, family history, and a neurological exam as well as blood tests to rule out other disorders.

It’s important to work closely with a neurologist who can address symptoms and guide an individualized treatment plan. There is no cure for hereditary ataxia. However, acquired ataxias can be treated by addressing the underlying condition. 

Treatment for ataxia is focused on symptom management and quality of life. Medications can help prevent or reduce symptoms. Physical, occupational, and speech therapy may help strengthen muscles or improve speech.

Staying active is a key part of treatment. Some people with ataxia use devices, such as wheelchairs and walkers, to assist them in walking and moving through their daily activities. The prognosis for people with ataxia depends on the underlying cause.

Current research is focused on the causes of ataxia, as well as treatments and cures to prevent or halt the degradation of brain cells. With a better understanding of the genetic causes and environmental triggers of ataxia, researchers and scientists will have greater insight into effective treatments and possibilities for prevention. 

The American Brain Foundation offers Next Generation Research Grants in diseases that can cause ataxia such as Parkinson’s MS, stroke, and neuromuscular disease.